As the conversation on climate change and the associated crisis intensifies, discussions are focused on sustainable ways to help mitigate the prevailing climate change thus a contention over hydrogen cars and electric cars as questions linger on sustainability and futuristic strides.

Emissions have been critically identified as the major causes of climate change, informing the move from internal combustion engines to hydrogen and electric cars, in line with the Paris Agreement; to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels.

The debate over hydrogen-powered cars and battery electric vehicles has been raging on which is sustainable and better for the future. Well, before you decide on what car to purchase, let’s do a brief comparison to help you make an informed decision.

Overview
Hydrogen cars and electric cars are eco-friendly options compared to traditional gasoline vehicles. Hydrogen cars use fuel cells converting hydrogen gas into electricity, allowing for quick refueling and a range of about 400 miles.

They function as mini power stations with a hydrogen tank, releasing gas to fuel cells where it combines with oxygen to produce electricity. Electric cars, on the other hand, run on lithium-ion batteries charged via electrical grids.

They employ an electric motor powered by the stored electricity, offering instant torque and regenerative braking for energy recovery. While electric cars are more widespread, hydrogen cars are gaining traction due to their fast refueling and longer travel range, contributing to cleaner transportation alternatives.
Comparison Parameters.
To help you make an informed decision, let us explore and compare the different parameters.

Driving Range
The driving range of electric vehicles, or EVs, varies depending on the vehicle’s cost; typically, pricier EVs offer longer ranges. Conversely, hydrogen cars provide both a superior driving range and quick refueling. EVs can travel between 150 to 375 miles, while hydrogen cars can cover distances of 400 to 600 miles based on tank capacity.

Efficiency
FCEVs convert chemical energy into electrical energy, resulting in higher inefficiency compared to BEVs or electric cars, which are highly energy efficient, utilizing approximately 80% of the total energy to propel the vehicle.

Environmental Impact
Hydrogen cars are a favorable choice due to their potential for 100% renewable and environmentally friendly fuel cells. While operating, these cars release only pure water vapor and also filter ultrafine dust from the air, showcasing their eco-friendliness.

However, the use of materials like lithium and cobalt in electric vehicle batteries can result in environmental harm despite EVs not emitting pollutants during operation. The manufacturing and disposal processes of EV batteries can contribute to pollution and resource depletion.

In contrast, FCEVs hold an advantage as recycling hydrogen fuel cells is both simple and cost-effective.
Powering/Refuelling Stations Availability Hydrogen vehicles face challenges due to the limited infrastructure of refueling stations.

They are also pricier compared to electric cars, despite there being over 1000 refueling stations globally as of 2023. Conversely, electric cars are available at more affordable prices and benefit from the widespread availability of charging stations worldwide. This abundance of charging infrastructure makes electric cars a preferred choice for many enthusiasts.

Powering/Refueling Time
Refueling a hydrogen-powered vehicle can be completed in just 5 to 10 minutes, by pumping high-pressure hydrogen gas into the tank. On the other hand, charging an electric vehicle requires a longer wait of 4 to 8 hours to reach a full charge. Therefore, hydrogen cars excel in terms of refueling speed.

Performance
Hydrogen vehicles outperform internal combustion engine vehicles, offering performance that is two to three times better. In contrast, while electric vehicles provide decent performance, many owners feel that the performance does not justify the time required for a full battery charge.

Safety
Hydrogen cars operate by using highly flammable hydrogen gas to power their wheels, necessitating advanced designs and safety measures to mitigate risks. On the other hand, electric cars rely on lithium-ion batteries, which also pose safety concerns, especially with fire hazards.

If ignited, these batteries can catch fire. Despite the risks associated with both types of vehicles, driving an electric car is generally considered safer than driving a hydrogen-powered vehicle.

Emissions.
While neither hydrogen nor electric cars emit carbon emissions directly from their exhausts, a significant amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is generated during the manufacturing process of both types of vehicles.

Cost of Ownership
The cost of electric cars can vary depending on the manufacturer and model selected, typically ranging from $45,000 to $80,000 or higher based on factors such as features, performance, and size. On the other hand, hydrogen cars are considerably pricier than electric cars. Examples include the Hyundai Nexo SUV, priced over $60,000, and the Toyota Mirai, priced around $50,000.

Which is more sustainable?
It’s crucial to note that hydrogen-based vehicles rely on hydrogen gas production, often generated through methane reforming.

This process involves using energy twice: first to create hydrogen gas and then to utilize high-pressure hydrogen gas for vehicle fuel.

In contrast, battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) directly use electrical energy from the grid to charge their batteries and operate the vehicle.

Conclusion.
The comparison between hydrogen and electric cars can aid in deciding whether to opt for an EV or invest in FCEVs. In my view, electric cars are an ideal choice for enthusiasts seeking a cleaner, cost-effective, energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-emission alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles. However, the final decision will hinge on individual needs, preferences, and values.